This perennial shrub species is typically found growing on hillsides (Fawzi and Ksiksi 2012, Mahmoud et al. 2018).

This species appears to be more abundant in wetter years (Brown et al. 2007). It is an annual herb, which is found growing in sand/gravel plains in addition to wadis (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Brown et al. 2007, Mahmoud et al. 2018). Within these environments, it plays an important ecological role in terms of sand fixation and contribution to biomass (Ghazanfar and Fisher 1998, Heneidy et al. 2018). The plant typically produces 1-3 stems and can grow up to 10 cm in height, producing long pointed leaves along with very small, yellow-green flowers that are present between February and April (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

This is an annual herb species whose flowering period takes place from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It has silver-grey leaves and is covered in white hair (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species can be found in silt between rocks of wadis and edges of fields, in addition to mountainous environments (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It is also recorded as being a food plant for the Cape Hare, Lepus capenssi (Norton et al. 2009).

This species is a perennial/annual herb and it flowers from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It is found on sand and gravel plains, but also on limestone hills (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Mahmoud et al. 2018). The plant can grow to 15 cm in height, displaying grey-green, woolly leaves with spines in addition to cream solitary flowers (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It is occasionally eaten by camels when other, preferred, vegetation is scare (Norton et al. 2009).

It is an annual species with a flowering period from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It can be found in silt between rocks of wadi banks, hillsides or fields (Jongbloed et al. 2003). This species can grow up to 20 cm in height in addition to producing spoon-shaped, prickly, indented leaves and pink-purple flowers (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

This species is a small annual (occasionally perennial) herb that grows up to 0.15 m, flowers between February and May, and grows in silt between rocks in mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006), and in sandy and gravelly places (MEW 2010). Karim and Dakheel (2006) also found the species in sandy salty soils in wadis or in desert depressions.

This tree has been recorded as growing within developed zones, plantations, oases and sandsheets (Reza Khan 1992, Böer and Saenger 2006, Mahmoud et al. 2018). It is well adapted to extreme summer temperatures, low moisture and high evaporation rates, tolerating hot and saline conditions (Karim and Dakheel 2006). It can grow from around 5 m up to 30 m in height and produces characteristic palm leaves (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Karim and Dakheel 2006). Cream coloured flowers are produced around late spring-time and the date fruit becomes ripe during summer (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Phoenix dactylifera occurs as both a cultivated and wild plant, growing in salt marshes, orchards and urban areas (Karim and Dakheel 2006).

An erect annual, monocotyledonous herb, found in sand and gravel at all elevations (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Perry 2008, Mahmoud et al. 2018) particularly seen after rain (Feulner 2011). It produces numerous small, white flowers between December and May and can grow to heights of around 0.4 m (Jongbloed et al. 2003, Perry 2008). It is considered to be a common weed of fields (Heneidy et al. 2018), although it is also utilised as a host plant by Cuscuta planiflora (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

It is a perennial geophyte: it has a round corm with brown fibrous covering, found in meadows and agricultural fields within high mountains (Jongbloed et al. 2003, M. Tsaliki pers. comm. 2019). The leaves are narrow and leathery and can reach up to 0.4 m in length (Jongbloed et al. 2003). Blue flowers are present between occurs from February to April (Jongbloed et al. 2003).

This perennial bulb species has violet blue flowers which are present between February and March (Jongbloed et al. 2003). The stems can reach up to 0.3 m in length and the flowers have pointed petals (Jongbloed et al. 2003). It occurs in plateaus, wadi slopes, and mountain cliffs at high elevation and is usually found in cultivated areas (Jongbloed et al. 2003, M. Tsaliki pers. comm. 2019).