There are a number of records of Leopard in the mountains of the northern UAE and it is once likely to have occurred widely there. Thesiger (1949) wrote that a Leopard visited Jebel Hafeet ...some years ago. There is a report of a Leopard shot in Masafi, east of Sharjah, in 1962 (Harrison 1968) and another report from Qalidda Pass (Harrison 1971). Hellyer (1993) said there had been nine reports in the previous 30 years. These included one wounded on Jebel Hafeet in 1976, which later died in Al Ain Zoo; a male shot in Ras al Khaimah in July 1986; a female and two young adults in the same Emirate in December 1986, and the capture of one Leopard near Masafi in February 1991. A leopard was shot in the upper part of Wadi Zibat, a tributary of Wadi Bih with permanent water, in November 1992 and its skull retrieved, and another was shot in the same locality in May 1993 (Hellyer 1993). A Leopard was killed in the Al Wa'eeb area of Musandam in 1994 and another was seen there in August 1994 (Hellyer 1994). Since then there have been a few reports of Leopard tracks in the mountains, including at Hatta, but none of these has been confirmed. Summaries of Leopard status in UAE are provided in Aspinall et al. (2005) and Edmonds et al. (2006). There is no convincing evidence to indicate that the species is still present in UAE. Reports from the Omani sector of the Musandam Peninsula continued through the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, including eight killed in 1980, but with no confirmed reports since 1997 it appears that the species no longer occurs in the Hajar Mountains of Oman (Spalton et al. 2006). Leopards are widely distributed across Africa and Asia, but they have been extirpated from large portions of their historic range (Stein et al. 2016). Populations across the Arabian Peninsula are at critically low levels (Mallon and Budd 2011).

Striped Hyaenas are believed to have been widely distributed in former times, but there are no specimens and reports are extremely sparse. It was reported present on Jebel Hafeet by Thesiger (1949); on the Al Ain-Dubai road, in Bani Yas and Liwa in the 1980s (Duckworth 1996); one was seen crossing a track between Awhala and Khor Kalba (Gross 1987); there was a report from villagers in Wadi Helo, near Kalba, in June 1996, and there is a probable sighting between Al Ain and Sweihan in December 1996 (Hellyer 1997). Spoor thought to be that of Hyaena was seen near the Shah oil field, south of Liwa in 1999 (Aspinall et al. 2005, Drew and Tourenq 2005). Residents of the higher part of Musandam said that hyenas used to occur there (Jongbloed et al. 2001). There have been no confirmed recent records and the species is no longer considered to occur in UAE. The international borders between Saudi Arabia, Oman and UAE are fenced, except for some of the highest mountain areas, preventing or hindering movement, so natural recolonization of the UAE by the species is highly unlikely. The Striped Hyaena has a very large, albeit now patchy global distribution, extending across North, Northeast and East Africa, south to about central Tanzania, and through the Arabian Peninsula, Turkey, the Caucasus, Iran, Central Asia, and northern Indian subcontinent (AbiSaid and Dloniak 2015). It has become rare in most parts of the Arabian Peninsula, mainly because of ongoing persecution (Mallon and Budd 2011).

The Wolf is assumed to have formerly occurred widely in mountains and deserts within the UAE. It was reportedly present on Jebel Hafeet (Thesiger 1949) but became extinct there in the 1970s (Duckworth 1996). Two wolf cubs were caught near Habab on the Dubai-Hatta road around 1978 and one survived in captivity until 1987; in 1984, one was shot in Al Ain Zoo while scavenging with feral dogs (Gross 1987). In 1994, a wolf that had been shot was photographed hanging from a tree near Ayeem, north of Masafi (Hellyer 1994). In December 1986, wolf tracks were found 40 km inland of Jebel Ali and a sighting was reported in a wadi near Masfut in May 1987 (Gross 1987). In November 1996, residents of Wadi Jabsah, Fujairah (a lower tributary of Wadi Ham) kept a portable radio playing in the wadi, above the area of habitation, which they said was to keep wolves away (G. Feulner pers. comm. 2018). Residents of Wadi Safad in Fujairah reported seeing and hearing wolves at night (Aspinall et al. 2005). There have been unconfirmed reports of sightings in the Sweihan area and elsewhere north of Al Ain up to 2004 (Drew and Tourenq 2005). There are no confirmed recent records. Hornby (1996) considered the Wolf to be Regionally Extinct in the UAE. Speaking to the <a href=""https://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20140110/ARTICLE/301109918/1002"">Khaleej Times</a>, R. Khan said The last living Arabian Wolf that was collected from Dubai desert in the mid-1970s was a rickety female, which eventually died at the Dubai Zoo on March 11, 1993. The map shows the presumed former distribution across the UAE. Natural recolonisation of UAE is highly unlikely due to the fencing of international borders and the rarity of the species in adjoining countries. The global range of the Grey Wolf extends across most of the Holarctic, including the Middle East. The present distribution is more restricted due to extirpations of local populations in parts of Western Europe and the USA (Mech and Boitani 2010, Boitani et al. 2018). It is rare in the Arabian Peninsula due mainly to ongoing persecution (Mallon and Budd 2011).

Bangladesh: North of existing Sundarbans

Bangladesh: North of existing Sundarbans

Bangladesh: North of existing Sundarbans

The Indian subcontinent, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka (Menon 2003, Prater 1971). According to Blanford (1988), it was a common species in Bengal during 1850s but faced a great decline at his time (1880s) mainly due to sport hunting. The Sloth Bear had the widest distribution among all the three bear species found in Bangladesh. The species has historically been rare within the country in the southeast, east, and northeastern areas (Sarkar 2006 in Islam et al. 2013). Occasional presence of Sloth Bears has been recorded from Madhupur Tract, Garo Hills and in Sherpur District, which are located in the central and north-central regions of the country respectively (Islam et al. 2013). They were also present in Rangpur-Dinajpur area in northwestern part of the country some 50 years back (during 1960s) and were also surviving in a small population in Sylhet, Chittagong and Chittagong Hill Tracts with sightings in Teknaf and Kassalong Reserve Forest. It, however, disappeared from Dhaka, Tangail and Mymensingh forest divisions by then (Khan 1985). There is no reliable information on the presence of this species in Bangladesh, either in the wild or in captivity. Garshelis et al. (2008), Ahmed et al. (2009) and Islam et al. (2013) also concluded that the Sloth Bear might have possibly become extinct in Bangladesh.