This species inhabits inshore marine, brackish and freshwater areas, including coral reefs, mangroves and estuaries (Khatoon et al. 2014, Kamrani et al. 2016, Jawad et al. 2018). Its maximum length is 14 cm (Carpenter et al. 1997b).

This species is found in coastal waters in lagoons, marshes, mangroves, estuaries and brackish waters of rivers, as well as reef flats. It spawns at sea and its maximum length is 63 cm (Harrison and Senou 1999, Coad 2017).

This species inhabits coastal waters in lagoons, marshes, estuaries and lower courses of rivers and spawns at sea (Thomson and Luther 1984). It consumes detritus and benthic algae (Carpenter et al. 1997b). The maximum standard length is 40 cm (Harrison and Senou 1999).

This species inhabits shallow coastal waters (Carpenter et al. 1997b). It feeds on detritus, algae, and small benthic invertebrates. The maximum total length is 30 cm (Randall 1995, Senou et al. 1996).

This species inhabits inshore waters and ascends rivers for feeding (M. Almukhtar pers. comm. 2014). It consumes detritus, algae, and small benthic invertebrates (Carpenter et al. 1997). It spawns from December to May in the Arabian Gulf, with a peak in December and the mean length at 50% sexual maturity is 15.4 cm (Elahi et al. 2012). The maximum length is 20 cm (Carpenter et al. 1997), age at first reproduction is about 2 years (Hakimelahi et al. 2010) and maximum age is about 5 years (M. Al-Husaini pers. comm. 2014). When applying an age at first reproduction of 2 years and longevity of 5 years, its estimated generation length is 3.5 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.

This species inhabits coastal marine waters, and can enter rivers, and unlike Liza klunzingeri, it is rarely found in El Hammar Marsh in Iraq.

This speciesinhabits coastal rocky and coral reefs (Valinassab et al. 2011). Juveniles also occur in turbid inshore waters and estuaries, including mangrove habitats over sand and mud bottoms (Van der Elst 1993). Its maximum total length is 80 cm, but occurs more commonly to 45 cm (McKay 2001). Its maximum age is 36 years (Al-Husaini et al. 2001). Itspawns from February to July (Al-Husaini et al. 2001) and forms shoals near river mouths during the winter.

This species inhabits clear, coastal coral and rocky reefs. It occurs singly or in small groups (Allen 1985, Wilkens 2005). The maximum total length is 40 cm (Randall 1995, Field 2013). Along the southern Omani coast, it has a prolonged breeding season (August to March) with peak spawning occurring in October and January. The total length and age at first maturity is 28.1 cm and 2.9 yrs for males and 29.7 cm and 4.3 years for females and it has been aged up to 18 years (Al-Mamari et al. 2017). When applying an age at first reproduction of 4.5 years and longevity of 18 years, its estimated generation length is 11.25 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.

This benthopelagic, reef-associated species occurs over rocky bottoms (Sommer et al. 1996). At night, it migrates vertically to the upper part of its habitat to feed on small fishes, shrimps, crabs, amphipods, ascidians and salps (Opic et al. 1994, Anderson and Allen 2001). Its maximum total length is 100 cm (Anderson 1986), but more commonly occurs to 50 cm standard length (Anderson and Allen 2001). Female fork length at first maturity ranges from 36 to 38 cm (Mees 1993).The maximum reported age is 44 years (Andrews et al. 2012).

This pelagic species is found on shallow reefs and deep reefs to the shelf-edge (Feitoza et al. 2005). Juveniles school in shallow waters over sandy, weedy bottoms and in mangroves. Young barracuda will spend their first summer in shallow nursery areas and move offshore to deeper water in late fall. In the second summer, young enter mangrove habitat or deeper weed beds. In its third year, it enters coral reef habitat (de Sylva 1963). Larger adults (>65cm standard length) are usually solitary and found over reef areas and offshore waters. Large schools have been observed and are probably associated with spawning behavior. Its maximum length is 200 cm (Robins and Ray 1986). It feeds mainly on littoral schooling and coral reef fishes, cephalopods, and shrimps (de Sylva 1981, Cervigon 1993). It can reach at least 14 years of age. Males mature by year three, and females by year four. Off Abu Dhabi, the mean age and size at sexual maturity for males was 1.3 years and 56.2 cm and 2.6 years and 80.1 cm for females (Grandcourt et al. 2012). When applying an age at first reproduction of 2.5 years and longevity of 14 years, its estimated generation length is 8.25 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.