Aythya ferina | UAE National Red List of Birds
Taxa
Aythya ferina | (Linnaeus, 1758)
Publication
Asessment status in full
Endangered
Assessment status abreviation
EN
Assessment status criteria
D
Assessment rationale/justification
This species has a restricted non-breeding population in the UAE. Given that the species is in decline globally and thus the conditions outside of the UAE are deteriorating, the rescue effect is unlikely to be large. The species is therefore listed as Endangered at national level.
Assessment year
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Affliation of assessor(s)/contributors/reviewers listed on assessment
Government
IGO
Assessor affiliation specific
Government|IGO
Criteria system specifics
IUCN v3.1 + Regional Guidelines v4.0
Criteria system used
IUCN
Criteria Citation
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not_assigned
Endemism Notes
Is an endemic?: Not_assigned
Threats listed in assessment
The most relevant threats within UAE are changes in coastal land-use and the possibility of oil pollution, but the severity of these threats towards this species is unknown.Globally, however, the species faces a very wide range of threats, which could impact upon individuals that visit UAE:It is thought that the primary factors that have led to the global decline in this species are most likely to be a combination of: (i) loss of breeding habitat in eastern Europe, and (ii) changes in water chemistry (especially from hyper-eutrophication caused by agricultural runoff). The loss of habitat is thought to primarily result from changes in land management; either the abandonment or intensification of management of lowland marshes and fish ponds (Fox et al. 2016). The abandonment of traditional lowland grazing marshes results in succession to scrub and other unsuitable habitats, whilst greater agricultural intensification leads to marshes being drained. Negative changes to fish pond management also arise from either a reduction in fish production or an intensification that leads to greater use of fish food and medication treatments, and an increase in nutrient inputs. (Fox et al. 2016).Increased predation levels may be partly related to declines in Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus colonies, with which Pochard often associate for the benefits of predator deterrence (Fox et al. 2016). Invasive carp may also provide competition for resources with this species (see Fox et al. 2016).The species may also be threatened by disturbance from hunting (del Hoyo;et al.;1992, Evans and Day 2002, Kear 2005), water-based recreation (Fox;et al.;1994, Kear 2005) and from machinery noise from urban development (Marsden 2000), as well as by habitat destruction (del Hoyo;et al.;1992) on its wintering grounds due to eutrophication (partially as a result of nutrient run-off from agricultural land) (Kear 2005, L. Raudonikis;in litt. 2015). Adults are poisoned by ingesting lead shot (Mateo et al. 1998) and drowned in freshwater fishing nets with mesh sizes greater than 5 cm (Quan et al. 2002). The species is also susceptible to avian influenza, so may be threatened by future outbreaks of the disease (Melville and Shortridge 2006). It is also hunted in numerous countries across its range (e.g. Mateo;et al. 1998, Evans and Day 2002, Balmaki and Barati 2006, Sorrenti;et al.;2006, H. Ibrahim in litt. 2016).
Conservation Measures
Conservation measures:
Conservation measures notes:
Required conservation measures:
History
The population in the UAE is thought to have been similar to 2019, qualifying as Endangered.
Scientific Name | Kingdom | Phylum | Class | Order | Family | Genus |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aythya ferina | Animalia | Chordata | Aves | Anseriformes | Anatidae | Aythya |