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Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330684
Taxon name
Aetomylaeus milvus
(Valenciennes, 1841)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Aetomylaeus milvus
(Valenciennes, 1841)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
myliobatiformes
Family
myliobatidae
Genus
Aetomylaeus
Species
milvus
Species authority
(Valenciennes, 1841)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Aetomylaeus milvus is considered to be distinct from A. maculatus (Last et al. 2016).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2cd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Ocellate Eagle Ray occurs throughout UAE inshore waters. Little is known on the population of this species in UAE waters. It is taken as bycatch in trawl and gill net fisheries, and fishing effort is intense and increasing in much of the Arabian Sea region. The loss and degradation of coastal habitats in the Gulf is a significant concern for inshore species such as this. It is especially susceptible to exploitation (target and bycatch) in many largely unregulated gill net, longline and trawl fisheries that operate within its range outside and surrounding UAE waters. Some management measures are now in place in the Arabian Sea region, although domestic fisheries are likely to continue. Though data specifically from the UAE are not available, individuals in the UAE are a component of a larger, interconnected and migratory population that occurs broadly in the north-western Indian Ocean. It is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Sea region are representative of its status in the UAE. Based on recorded levels of exploitation and decline in habitat quality, it is suspected to have declined by at least 50% over the past three generation lengths, or about 45 years. It is listed as Endangered A2cd.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Ocellate Eagle Ray occurs throughout UAE waters. It is restricted to the Arabian Sea region from Oman to India (Gujarat), including the Arabian Gulf (Last et al. 2016). Until recently, this species was confused with the Mottled Eagle Ray (A. maculatus) and possibly the Ornate Eagle Ray (A. vespertilio). Further research is needed to confirm its full distribution.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The biology of the Ocellate Eagle Ray is poorly known, but it likely inhabits inshore areas over soft bottoms to depths of 90 m (Last et al. 2016, Weigmann 2016). This eagle ray displays aggregating behaviour. It reaches a maximum size of 123 cm disc width (DW), and males mature at 50 cm DW (R.W. Jabado pers. comm. 09/02/2017). Female maturity and size at birth are unknown. The species is suspected to have low fecundity similar to other eagle rays, which bear litters of up to four offspring (Compagno and Last 1999, Last and Stevens 2009). As there is no information on this species' maximum age and age at maturity, generation length was inferred as ~15 years based on data for the Bat Ray (Myliobatis californicus) which are reported to have a maximum age of 24 years and an age at maturity of five years (Martin and Cailliet 1988). However, it is noted that the Ocellate Eagle Ray reaches a smaller maximum size than this species.
Threats listed in assessment
This species is impacted by fisheries in the UAE and forms a relatively large portion of all landed batoids. It is impacted by bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range as well. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010).
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330672
Taxon name
Spratelloides delicatulus
(Bennett, 1832)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Spratelloides delicatulus
(Bennett, 1832)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
clupeiformes
Family
clupeidae
Genus
Spratelloides
Species
delicatulus
Species authority
(Bennett, 1832)
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
In the UAE, this inshore, pelagic species occurs only in the Sea of Oman. It is taken in fisheries at some level, but its population status is very poorly known; therefore, it is listed as Data Deficient.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
In UAE waters, this species occurs only in the Sea of Oman. It is excluded from the Arabian Gulf. Globally, it is widespread in the Indo-West Pacific (Jones 1960, Whitehead 1985, Allen and Erdmann 2012). Its depth range is estimated to be 0-50 m.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This pelagic species usually schools in inshore waters. It feeds mainly on crustaceans and has a maximum standard length of 7 cm (Whitehead 1985, Pillai et al. 1986). This species is short-lived (4-8 months) and spawns at 2-4 months of age (Milton et al. 1995).
Threats listed in assessment
The potential impacts from fishing are poorly understood.
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330665
Taxon name
Aetomylaeus nichofii
(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Aetomylaeus nichofii
(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
myliobatiformes
Family
myliobatidae
Genus
Aetomylaeus
Species
nichofii
Species authority
(Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Aetomylaeus caerulofasciatus has recently been described as distinct from the wider-ranging Indo-West Pacific A. nichofii (White et al. 2015).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Vulnerable
Abbreviated status
VU
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2cd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Banded Eagle Ray occurs throughout UAE inshore waters, and is common. This species is not targeted or valued in markets of the UAE and trawling has been banned there since 1980. It is caught as bycatch in inshore gill net fisheries. It is under extremely intense and increasing demersal fishing pressure in much of the Arabian Sea region, and declines have been detected in Pakistan, India and the Red Sea. The loss and degradation of coastal habitats in the Gulf is a significant concern. It is especially susceptible to exploitation (target and bycatch) in many largely unregulated gill net, longline and trawl fisheries that operate within its range outside and surrounding UAE waters. Some management measures are now in place in the Arabian Sea region, although domestic fisheries are likely to continue. Though data specifically from the UAE are not available, individuals in the UAE are a component of a larger, interconnected and migratory population that occurs broadly in the north-western Indian Ocean. It is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Sea region are representative of its status in the UAE. Based on recorded levels of exploitation and decline in habitat quality, it is suspected to have declined by at least 30% over the past three generation lengths, or about 45 years. It is listed as Vulnerable A2cd.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Banded Eagle Ray occurs throughout UAE waters (Randall 1995, Carpenter 1997, Hellyer and Aspinall 2005, Environment Agency Abu Dhabi unpublished data). Globally, it is widespread in the Indo-West Pacific (Spaet and Berumen 2015, Last et al. 2016).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Banded Eagle Ray is a demersal species in continental shelf inshore waters to at least 115 m depth (Last and Stevens 2009). It reaches a maximum size of 72 cm disc width (DW) with males maturing at 39-42 cm DW (Last et al. 2016). Size at maturity for females is unknown, but pregnant females have been recorded in the UAE at 54.8 cm DW (R.W. Jabado pers. comm. 06/05/2017). Females are viviparous with litters of up to four young with a size at birth of 17 cm DW (Compagno and Last 1999, Last and Stevens 2009). Nothing else is known of this species' biology. Generation length estimated at 10 years based on the generation length of the Bat Ray (Myliobatis californicus) (14.5 years) (Martin and Cailliet 1988). However, it is noted that the Bat Ray is a considerably larger species (reaching 180 cm DW) than the Banded Eagle Ray.
Threats listed in assessment
This species is impacted by fisheries in the UAE and forms a relatively large portion of all landed batoids. It is impacted by bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range as well. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010).
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330658
Taxon name
Pomadasys commersonnii
(Lacepède, 1801)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pomadasys commersonnii
(Lacepède, 1801)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
perciformes
Family
haemulidae
Genus
Pomadasys
Species
commersonnii
Species authority
(Lacepède, 1801)
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This inshore, marine and estuarine species occurs throughout UAE waters. Fishing activity is not known to be causing declines in the UAE. It can be impacted by estuarine degradation (e.g., South Africa). There are no known major threats; therefore, it is listed as Least Concern in the UAE.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is restricted to the Western Indian Ocean where it occurs from South Africa and Madagascar to the Arabian Gulf to India and the Seychelles (Smith and Heemstra 2003). Its estimated depth range is 0-50 m.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species inhabits shallow coastal areas and estuaries (Smith and Heemstra 2003). Spawning occurs at sea and juveniles settle in estuaries (Whitfield 1998). Adults inhabit full marine habitats, but also travel to estuaries for feeding (Day et al. 1981, Dames et al. 2017). Its maximum standard length is at least 70 cm (Nodo et al. 2017), longevity is 15 years and sexual maturity occurs at 3 years of age and 30-40 cm total length (Day et al. 1981). A study conducted in Oman reported lengths at 50% maturity of 44.2 cm for males and 42 cm for females (Al-Nahdi et al. 2010). When applying an age at first reproduction of 3 years and longevity of 15 years, its estimated generation length is 9 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.
Threats listed in assessment
Fishing activity is not known to be driving declines in the UAE at this time. Anthropogenic modification of estuarine habitats, which is pervasive in the Arabian Gulf region, may impact this species.
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330657
Taxon name
Pastinachus sephen
(Forsskål, 1775)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pastinachus sephen
(Forsskål, 1775)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
myliobatiformes
Family
dasyatidae
Genus
Pastinachus
Species
sephen
Species authority
(Forsskål, 1775)
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Abbreviated status
NT
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2cd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Cowtail Ray occurs throughout UAE coastal waters. The exact distribution is uncertain due to confusion amongst Pastinachus species and recent taxonomic changes. This species is not targeted or valued in markets of the UAE, trawling has been banned there since 1980 and recent surveys have detected it in the area. Cowtail rays are regularly discarded in the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman. A large part of the species' regional distribution (namely, India and Pakistan) is under extremely intense and increasing demersal fishing pressure. It is not known how individuals occupying the UAE are connected with the broader population of the Arabian Seas region, and there is no information available to suggest that its population status differs in the UAE as compared to other parts of its range in the region. Given the threats faced by this species in other parts of the Arabian Seas region, and ongoing threats from discarding and habitat loss in the UAE, it is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Seas are representative of the status in the UAE. Based on recorded levels of exploitation and decline in habitat quality, it is suspected to have declined by 20-30% over the past three generation lengths, or about 60 years. It is listed as Near Threatened, nearly meeting the thresholds for Vulnerable A2cd.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
No
Endemism Notes
Endemism Notes
Possibly endemic to Arabian Sea region
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Cowtail Ray occurs throughout UAE waters. It is possibly endemic to the Arabian Sea region, although its exact distribution is uncertain due to confusion amongst Pastinachus species, and recent taxonomic changes within the genus (Last et al. 2016).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Cowtail Ray is benthic in coastal habitats and occurs over soft substrates, often near coral reefs (Last et al. 2016) to depths of 60 m. Maximum size and biology is poorly known due to confusion amongst Pastinachus spp. This species reaches at least 89 cm disc width (Last et al. 2016). Generation length is estimated at 20 years based on age data from Maculabatis astra (Jacobsen 2007).
Threats listed in assessment
Information pertaining to threats specific to the UAE are unavailable. This species is impacted by bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010). Corals in the UAE and Arabian Gulf have severely declined due to the increasing frequency of mass bleaching events caused by rising water temperatures, which is a consequence of climate change, as well as pervasive coastal development (Riegl et al. 2018, Burt et al. 2019).
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330656
Taxon name
Pastinachus ater
(Macleay, 1883)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Pastinachus ater
(Macleay, 1883)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
myliobatiformes
Family
dasyatidae
Genus
Pastinachus
Species
ater
Species authority
(Macleay, 1883)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Recently, molecular data confirmed that the single, widespread Indo-“Pacific species, Pastinachus sephen consists of two species, the widespread P. ater and a more restricted P. sephen (Last et al. 2016a).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Near Threatened
Abbreviated status
NT
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2cd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Broad Cowtail Ray occurs throughout UAE coastal waters. The exact distribution is uncertain due to confusion amongst Pastinachus species and recent taxonomic changes. This species is not targeted or valued in markets of the UAE, trawling has been banned there since 1980 and recent surveys have detected it in the area. Cowtail rays are regularly discarded in the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman. A large part of the species' regional distribution (namely, India and Pakistan) is under extremely intense and increasing demersal fishing pressure. It is not known how individuals occupying the UAE are connected with the broader population of the Arabian Seas region, and there is no information available to suggest that its population status differs in the UAE as compared to other parts of its range in the region. Given the threats faced by this species in other parts of the Arabian Seas region, and ongoing threats from discarding and habitat loss in the UAE, it is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Seas are representative of the status in the UAE. Based on recorded levels of exploitation and decline in habitat quality, it is suspected to have declined by 20-30% over the past three generation lengths, or about 60 years. It is listed as Near Threatened, nearly meeting the thresholds for Vulnerable A2cd.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Broad Cowtail Ray occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it is widespread in the Indo-West Pacific, although its exact distribution is uncertain due to confusion amongst Pastinachus species and recent taxonomic changes within the genus.
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Broad Cowtail Ray is benthic in coastal habitats. Maximum size and biology is poorly known due to confusion amongst other cowtail rays. Reaches ~200 cm disc width (Last et al. 2016). Generation length is estimated at 20 years based on age data from Maculabatis astra (Jacobsen 2007).
Threats listed in assessment
Information pertaining to threats specific to the UAE are unavailable. This species is impacted by bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range. Marine habitats in the Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010).
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330655
Taxon name
Carcharhinus dussumieri
(Müller & Henle, 1839)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Carcharhinus dussumieri
(Müller & Henle, 1839)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
chondrichthyes
Order
carcharhiniformes
Family
carcharhinidae
Genus
Carcharhinus
Species
dussumieri
Species authority
(Müller & Henle, 1839)
Taxonomic notes and synonyms listed
Carcharhinus dussumieri is part of the Carcharhinus seali-dussumieri group that has been revealed to consist of five species: C. dussumieri and C. sealei have recently been re-described, C. coatesi and C. tjutjot have been resurrected as valid species, and a new species, C. humani has been described (White 2012, White and Weigmann 2014).
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Endangered
Abbreviated status
EN
Qualifying criteria (if given)
A2cd
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
The Whitecheek Shark is common throughout UAE inshore waters. Little specific data are available for this species in the UAE. It has a relatively low reproductive capacity, which causes it to be susceptible to over-exploitation, but it remains common in the Arabian Gulf. It is apparently highly migratory, and has slow life history characteristics including low fecundity and a low annual rate of population increase. Considering this, the species has a low capacity to recover from even moderate levels of exploitation. It is especially susceptible to exploitation (target and bycatch) in many largely unregulated gill net, longline and trawl fisheries that operate within its range outside and surrounding UAE waters. Some management measures are now in place in the Arabian Sea region, although domestic fisheries are likely to continue. Though data specifically from the UAE are not available, individuals in the UAE are a component of a larger, interconnected and migratory population that occurs broadly in the north-western Indian Ocean. It is inferred that declines reported in the Arabian Sea region are representative of its status in the UAE. Based on recorded levels of exploitation and decline in habitat quality, it is suspected to have declined by 50-70% over the past three generation lengths, or about 24 years. It is listed as Endangered A2cd.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
The Whitecheek Shark occurs throughout UAE waters. Globally, it occurs from the northern Arabian Sea in the Arabian Gulf to the southeast coast of India. Bonfil (2003) reported this species from the lower Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, but these records may have been of Human's Whaler Shark (Carcharhinus humani), which was only recently described from this area (White and Weigmann 2014).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
The Whitecheek Shark is a small species of carcharhinid shark that is common in inshore waters over soft substrates at depths of 0-100 m (Weigmann 2016). It reaches a maximum size of 114 cm total length (TL) (Raeisi et al. 2017). Size at birth is around 28-40 cm TL. This species is placental viviparous and produces litters of 2-5 each year. A study conducted off Iran in the Arabian Gulf reported a longevity of 8 and 13 years for males and females, and both females and males matured at lengths between 60 to 68 cm (Raeisi et al. 2017). Age at maturity data are not available for this species, but the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae), which reaches a similar maximum size of 96 cm TL (Carlson and Baremore 2003), is applied as a proxy for age at maturity (3-4 years for females and 2-3.5 years for males). When applying an age at first reproduction of 3 years and longevity of 13 years, its estimated generation length is 8 years based on the following equation recommended by the IUCN Red List methods: Age at first reproduction + (Age at last reproduction -“ age at first reproduction)/2.
Threats listed in assessment
Information pertaining to threats specific to the UAE are unavailable. This species is impacted by target (for fins and their valuable meat) and bycatch fisheries that are active elsewhere in its range. Marine habitats in the Arabian Gulf are experiencing high levels of disturbance and quickly deteriorating due to major impacts from development activities (including dredging and reclamation), desalination plants, industrial activities, habitat destruction through the removal of shallow productive areas and major shipping lanes (Sheppard et al. 2010).
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330654
Taxon name
Gerres macracanthus
Bleeker, 1854
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Gerres macracanthus
Bleeker, 1854
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
perciformes
Family
gerreidae
Genus
Gerres
Species
macracanthus
Species authority
Bleeker, 1854
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Least Concern
Abbreviated status
LC
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This demersal, inshore species occurs throughout UAE waters. Fishing activity is not known to be causing population declines at this time. There are no known major threats; therefore, it is listed as Least Concern in the UAE.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is distributed throughout UAE waters (Iwatsuki et al. 2015). Globally, it is widespread in the Indo-Pacific (Venkataraman and Badrudeen 1975, Kottelat et al. 1993).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This species inhabits shallow, inshore waters over sandy bottoms and in estuaries. It occurs singly or in schools (Iwatsuki et al. 1996). The maximum length is 30 cm (Kuiter and Tonozuka 2001).
Threats listed in assessment
Fishing activity is not known to be driving declines in the UAE at this time.
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Assessment ID
330645
Taxon name
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus
(Rüppell, 1837)
Uploaded by
National Red List Database
Scientific name
Herklotsichthys quadrimaculatus
(Rüppell, 1837)
Assessed taxon level
Species
Higher level taxonomic groupings
Vertebrates
Fishes
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
chordata
Class
actinopterygii
Order
clupeiformes
Family
clupeidae
Genus
Herklotsichthys
Species
quadrimaculatus
Species authority
(Rüppell, 1837)
Specific locality or subnational name or regional name
United Arab Emirates (the)
Scope (of the Assessment)
National
Countries included within the scope of the assessment
United Arab Emirates (the)
Country ISO code(s)
ARE
Does the assessment cover a marine EEZ area(s)?
Not_assigned
Assessed as
Data deficient
Abbreviated status
DD
Criteria system used
IUCN
(see Assessment details)
Assessment rationale/justification
This inshore, pelagic speciesis not yet confirmed to occur in UAE waters, but possibly occurs on the Sea of Oman coast; therefore, it is listed as Data Deficient.
Year assessed
2019
Assessors/contributors/reviewers listed
UAE National Red List Workshop
Criteria system used
IUCN
Reference for methods given
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1, Second edition. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. iv + 32pp pp. And IUCN. 2012. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iii + 41pp.
Endemic to region
Not assigned
Taxon distribution as listed in assessment
This species is not yet confirmed from the UAE, but possibly occurs on the Sea of Oman coast. It is apparently excluded from the Arabian Gulf. Globally, it is widespread in the Indo-West Pacific (Lewis et al. 1983, Conand 1987, Paxton et al. 1989, Rawlinson 1990, Milton et al. 1994, De Troch et al. 1998, Harris and Cyrus 1999, Tesfamichael and Pitcher 2010, Leal et al. 2010, Allen and Erdmann 2012, Galenzoga and Quiñones 2014, Oka and Miyamoto 2015, Zoysa and Epa 2016). Its depth range is estimated to be 0 to 50 m (Whitehead 1985).
Is there a map available in assessment?
Yes
Terrestrial
Not_assigned
Freshwater
Not_assigned
Marine
Yes
Habitat details as listed in assessment
This pelagic species inhabits shallow inshore tropical waters, including seagrass habitats. It reaches maturity at five months, spawns continuously and has a maximum longevity of one year (Lewis 1989, Milton et al. 1994, De Troch et al. 1998, Allen and Erdmann 2012). Its maximum total length is 15.6 cm (BFAR NSAP 2015).
Ralph, G.M., Stump, E., Linardich, C., Bullock, R.W., Carpenter, K.E., Allen D.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Al Mheiri, R., and Alshamsi, O. 2021. UAE National Red List of Marine Species: Reef-building corals, cartilaginous fishes and select bony fishes. 2021. Ministry of Climate Change and Environment, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.